Universities and research institutes
Most part of the research is done in two academic institutes:
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Technion Institute (in Haifa) |
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Weizmann Institute (in Rehovot) |
and five universities:
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Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
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Tel-Aviv University |
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Bar Ilan University (in Ramat Gan) |
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Haifa University |
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Ben Gurion University of the Negev (in Beer Sheva) |
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Open University (in Tel Aviv) |
There are also several research centers.
All these institutions are independent and transfer their technological knowledge to industry through a specially dedicated structure, within the university. These structures support the researchers in getting research contracts from the industry or to turn basic scientific results to companies.
Although, all these universities are involved in every scientific field, each one on them has its particular competence field: medical research for the Hebrew University, telecommunications and aerospace for the Technion, social sciences and humanities for the Haifa University, oncology and fertility for the Bar Ilan University, desert studies for Ben Gourion University and biotechnologies for the Weizmann Institute.
About ten specialized basic/applied research centers exist in Israel: Geological Survey of Israel, Eilat Inter-University Institute for oceanographic researches, Nuclear Research Institutes in Soreq and Dimona, Volcani Center from the Ministry of Agricultutre, Oil and Geophysics research Institute, Israeli Aeronautic Industries, Israel Space Agency.
Means
2.9% of the Israeli GDP are dedicated to civil R&D, which is one of the highest figure among the OECD.
In 1996, the Israeli government financed 40% of the civil R&D, 37% coming from the private sector, 37% from the universities (including governmental and private donations) and 6% from foreign support. Let’s stress out the high involvement of the private investors compared to the OECD countries (where it represents less than 15% of the R&D budget) and the high amount provided by donations and international support. In Israel, public research institutions are controlled by the Chief Scientists, coordinated by the Ministry of Science who is responsible for the national scientific policy.
Research can be divided in three different categories that get financial support from different sources:
Basic research
This part is supported by research funds like: the Israeli National Science Fund, the Bi-national (Israel-US) Science Fundation (BSF) and the German Israeli Fundation (GIF).
Applied research
This part is supported by the Office of the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The OCS support research projects in association with companies and aim at developping products with a high export potential.
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